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The Great Spring Snook Migration
By CAPT. MEL BERMAN,
Florida Fishing Weekly
 Is it temperatures, time of year, instincts or traditional migration patterns? Whatever the motivation, this is a season when Florida’s snook populations leave their low-salinity wintering locations in the upper estuaries, ultimately moving onto their spawning grounds at beaches, deep passes and barrier islands where they spend the summer.  What are some of the way points for snook as they head for their warm weather locations? Where would they be found during this transitional period?  

For some authentic answers, we turned to Ron Taylor, the pre-eminent FWC snook scientist at the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute in St. Petersburg.

Several years ago we used to think that all of the snook would be in the backwater during winter – and spawning in the estuaries and the passes by summertime. Well that just isn’t so.  We’ve had a couple of research projects since that information was written that shows indeed the majority of fish do adhere to that migration pattern. However, you’ll find some snook in all habitats every day of every year. So yes, they are in transition in both the spring and fall. Most of them head for the rivers and creeks in the fall, stay back there over winter, then transition back to the lower estuaries and the passes mainly during the late spring and summer.”

During this transitional spring pattern, Taylor said that the popular linesiders are now on their way out of the rivers and probably setting up around some river mouths, out on the flats, but ultimately migrating towards the inlets, passes and their summer shoreline spawning sites.

Typical of excellent snooking locations would be places like Terra Ceia Bay in Manatee County. One can find snook in there year ‘round, especially along that northwest shoreline, fishing those flats and cuts with an excellent prospect of finding some hefty keeper snook. “That whole area is good all the way back to that first series of concrete seawalls,” advised Taylor. “There are two creeks there that go all the way to Rattlesnake Key. And they love to get in there during winter. In the spring and summer, they’ll just stay at the mouth of that creek. This is typical of the kind of habitat that snook prefer.”

Taylor suggests that there’s one common necessity for finding large numbers of snook – current flow. “For example, on a two tide day, with slow movement of water, you might as well keep your tacklebox in the garage – don’t even think of going fishing. Therefore, if you’ll be targeting snook, you have to fish a location with good current. You’ll also need an area with deep water nearby that falls off in low tides.”  He said that you should seek an area with some kind of structure, as well as a grass flat in the vicinity, which typically holds a good food supply in the form of baitfish and crustaceans. Snook also prefer cover and structure in which to hide so as to avoid predators.

While good tidal flow is critical to your snooking success, very strong tides can actually shut down the bite. “That’s like you and I, able to stand breezes possibly up to 35 or 40 miles an hour. But if you stood in stronger winds, you’d get uncomfortable and want to go inside. It’s the same way .with snook and most species. I’d say that if the current gets much more over 3 or 4 knots per hour, they’re not going to stay, looking for some kind of structure to get behind until the current flow diminishes.”

Taylor added that the best time to snook fish would be at the top of the tide when it starts to go out.  “I do well about two to three hours into the outgoing tide.”

He contends that our snook populations are robust here on Florida’s west coast.  “The east coast appears to be a bit leaner when it comes to snook populations. There, the numbers and recruitment (more generations of snook) have been down for the last three years. While there are many adult fish, the amount of recruitment snook is definitely dropping. So that’s why we had to change some of the regulations.”

Biologically speaking, according to Taylor, snook populations in Florida are probably at an all time high. “I know that’s difficult to say in the face of these new regulations. But what we’re looking at are some increased measures to account for potential problems that we can’t predict, plus those low levels of recruitment on Florida’s east coast. “In other words, it’s just like putting out a grass fire before it becomes an all consuming forest fire.”

According to Taylor, the extra month’s snook season closure on Florida’s west coast, put into place a few years ago was “biologically almost a moot point.” He said that if he was going to manage these sticks from a biological perspective, that month would not have been required.  “But the stakeholders demanded that we adhere to the 40-percent spawning potential ratio (SPR) goal that was set by the commission in 1994. They would not move from that goal. It was absolutely mandatory. In the face on increased exploitation, reduced recruitment on Florida’s east coast, and in the face of destruction of available juvenile snook habitat, we had no alternative but to change the regulations.”

Is all this a good thing? Absolutely,” said Taylor. “We never would have gotten to where we are today with our abundant snook populations had we not adhered to that 40-percent SPR these last several years.”

Those of us who enjoy catching snook are also concerned about their well being. So what’s the best way to safely handle and release linesiders when we catch them? “Ideally, you handle it as little as possible and release that snook as quickly as possible. What would a marathon runner need? He needs oxygen. You’d never think of putting a bag over his head. So get that fish back in the water as quickly as possible.”  He also said that we should not swish the snook back and forth in the water before release. That actually sets up a cavitation of water in its gills and could actually do some harm.  Also avoid holding the snook vertically, especially with a grip of some sort. This can literally break the snook’s jaw and possibly cause harm to its internal organs.  Taylor advises that “it’s best to just support that snook in the water with your hand and, once the fish regains its composure, the fish will swim off on its own.”
 
 
 

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Web site created and managed by Capt. Mel Berman.
Site-specific editorial and photos 1995 - 2008 Mel-Fin Corp.  All rights reserved.


Web site created and managed by Capt. Mel Berman.
Site-specific editorial and photos 1995 - 2008 Mel-Fin Corp.  All rights reserved.